A share is a security issued by a joint-stock company that represents an ownership stake in the company's capital.

It is the official market within Borsa Istanbul where company shares, pre-emptive rights, exchange-traded funds and warrants are traded.

All domestic and foreign individual and institutional investors holding an investment account with a brokerage firm or bank authorised by the Capital Markets Board of Türkiye (SPK) can trade.

An account is opened through an SPK-licensed brokerage firm or bank once identity verification, Central Registry Agency (MKK) registration and the suitability test have been completed.

It is the central institution where securities in the Turkish capital markets are dematerialised and held on an investor-by-investor basis.

They allow investors to view all of their shareholdings on the Exchange in a single pool, place blocks on them and track their rights.

It is the clearing house that performs the clearing and settlement of buy and sell transactions executed on Borsa Istanbul and provides custody services.

It is the rule whereby the cash proceeds of shares sold, or the ownership of shares bought, are credited to the account on the second business day following the trade date (T).

You can use the proceeds of a sale to buy new shares on the same day (T+0) and the following day (T+1); however, to withdraw the amount as cash, you must wait until T+2, when settlement is completed. Advance payment or early cash withdrawal facilities offered by brokerage firms may vary independently of this rule.

On full business days, the session begins with the opening session, in which the opening price is determined; it then continues throughout the day under the continuous trading method and ends with the closing session. Current session hours are announced by Borsa Istanbul.

They are the Star Market, Main Market, Sub-Market, Watchlist Market (YİP), Pre-Market Trading Platform (PÖİP), Structured Products and Fund Market, and Qualified Investor Market.

It is the market where large-cap companies with high market capitalisation, free float ratio and value of shares in actual circulation, and high liquidity, are traded.

It is the market where the shares of mid-sized companies that meet the free float requirements are traded.

It is the market comprising relatively smaller companies whose liquidity is lower than that of the Star/Main Market.

It is the market where companies whose financial condition, structure or public disclosure obligations are at risk are traded under surveillance using the single price method.

It is the platform where the shares of companies that are publicly held but not traded on the exchange are bought and sold using restricted trading methods.

Borsa Istanbul periodically reviews companies' financial data, market capitalisation and trading volumes, and updates market classifications twice a year.

It is the benchmark index that measures the performance of the 100 stocks traded on Borsa Istanbul with the highest market capitalisation and trading volume.

They represent the top 30 and top 50 companies within the BIST 100 with the highest market capitalisation and liquidity.

The Sustainability index covers companies that meet environmental and social criteria, while the Participation index covers companies operating in line with interest-free finance principles.

It is the trading method in which orders are automatically matched and executed according to price and time priority as soon as they are submitted to the system.

It is the method in which orders collected over a certain period of time are matched at a single price level that maximises the quantity traded.

It means that a buy order with a higher price is executed before a buy order with a lower price, and a sell order with a lower price is executed before a sell order with a higher price.

Among orders entered into the system at the same price level, the order that reaches the system first takes priority.

It is an order type submitted to the system with a specified maximum buy price or minimum sell price.

It is an order entered without specifying a price, to be matched against the best-priced orders waiting in the market at that moment.

It is an order type that is matched against orders at the best price level in the market, with any unfilled portion converted into a limit order at the last executed trade price.

It is an order that remains active in the system until the specified expiry date/end of session unless it is cancelled.

It is an order valid until the end of the day on which it is entered and automatically cancelled at the end of the session if it is not matched.

It is an order whose quantity that can be filled upon entry is executed, while any unfilled portion is cancelled immediately.

It is an order submitted to the system during the opening and closing sessions only while the single price is being determined, with any unmatched portion cancelled.

It is an order that becomes active when a specific market condition (for example, a trigger price) is met.

Orders that have not yet been executed, or the unexecuted portions of partially executed orders, can be cancelled, and their quantity or price can be modified.

If the price is improved, priority is gained; however, if the quantity is increased or the price is made less favourable, time priority is lost.

It is the maximum upward or downward price change a share can make during the day relative to its base price; the general rate applied in the Star and Main Markets is 10%. The rate may differ by market and by share based on Borsa Istanbul decisions.

It is the closing price of the previous session, used as the basis for setting the lower and upper price limits within which a stock can trade during the day.

It is the smallest increment by which the prices that can be quoted for a stock may rise or fall (for example, TRY 0.01).

It is the temporary halting of trading when a share's price fluctuates excessively within a short period, followed by an order collection session under the single price method. The trigger thresholds and halt durations are determined by Borsa Istanbul.

It is the temporary halting of all trading in the market if the BIST 100 index falls during the day, relative to the previous close, by the percentages determined by Borsa Istanbul.

Under an SPK/BIST measure decision, it is the situation in which shares of the relevant stock bought on a given day cannot be sold on the same day and netting cannot be performed.

It is the sale of shares not owned by the seller, to be replaced at a later date (this may be restricted from time to time by SPK decisions).

It is the requirement, intended to prevent short selling, that the shares to be sold must already be held in the investment account before the sell order is placed.

It enables investors to borrow from their brokerage firm and buy stocks in an amount greater than their own equity.

It is a temporary trading restriction imposed by SPK/BIST on stocks showing excessive volatility in order to protect investors.

It is the measure whereby a continuously traded stock is made subject to a certain number of single price matchings per day.

It is a type of measure under which investors may place orders in the relevant stock only by calling their brokerage firm and going through a representative.

It is the distribution by a company of part of its annual net profit to its shareholders, in proportion to their holdings, either in cash or as bonus shares.

All investors holding the stock one day before the dividend distribution date (the rights exercise date) are entitled to the dividend.

It is credited to the account in cash on the 2nd business day (T+2) following the dividend rights exercise date (T).

The stock's opening price is adjusted downward by the gross dividend amount distributed per share.

It is when companies increase their capital using internal resources (equity, retained earnings reserves, etc.) and distribute free shares to their shareholders.

No. As the number of shares increases, the share price falls by the same proportion; the investor's total portfolio value initially remains unchanged.

It is when companies ask their shareholders to subscribe for new shares in exchange for cash in order to meet their capital needs.

It is the right of existing shareholders to participate in the company's rights issue on a priority basis.

It is a temporary market where shareholders who do not wish to participate in a rights issue sell their pre-emptive rights, and those who wish to participate buy pre-emptive rights.

If the pre-emptive right is not exercised or sold on the market within the given period, these rights coupons lapse and the investor incurs a financial loss.

It is the offering of a company's shares to the public and general investors for the first time, to be traded on Borsa Istanbul.

Shares are offered for sale either through the sale-on-exchange method (by entering orders on the exchange at a fixed or variable price) or through the book-building method (by submitting demand to the brokerage consortium).

In equal allocation, the shares offered are divided equally among the number of applicants; in proportional allocation, shares are allocated in proportion to the size of the portfolio demanded.

It is when companies buy back their own shares from the market in order to support their share price or strengthen their equity structure.

They are funds based on an index or a commodity (gold, silver, etc.) that can be bought and sold on the exchange throughout the day just like stocks.

It is a securitised derivative instrument that gives its holder the right to buy or sell the underlying asset (a stock, an index, etc.) at a predetermined price on a specified date.

They are structured financial instruments issued to pass on the performance of a specific asset or index to the investor.

They are companies that invest in real estate projects and real-estate-based capital market instruments and whose shares are traded on BIST.

They are investment trusts that provide capital to early-stage or high-growth-potential companies and whose shares are traded on the exchange.

It is the official platform on which companies traded on the exchange publish all financial reports and material event disclosures they are legally required to make (kap.org.tr).

It is the announcement by companies to the public of significant developments that could affect their share price or investment decisions.

BIST companies disclose their annual figures on KAP in 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month (quarterly) periods, with balance sheets and income statements.

It is a method of estimating a stock's fair value by examining the company's balance sheet, income statement, sector position, management and macroeconomic conditions.

It is a method of forecasting the future direction of prices by examining past price, volume and chart movements using mathematical indicators.

It is a measure of how expensive or cheap a stock is relative to its profitability, obtained by dividing the company's market capitalisation by its annual net profit (or the share price by earnings per share).

It is the ratio of the company's market capitalisation to its equity (book value).

It stands for Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation; it shows the company's ability to generate cash from its core operations.

It is the percentage of a company's total capital, excluding founders or strategic shareholders, that can be actively bought and sold on the exchange.

As of the date this content was prepared, the withholding tax rate applied to gains from the purchase and sale of shares traded on BIST by resident (fully liable) individuals is 0%. Since tax rates may be updated through legislative changes, the regulations in force must be confirmed before trading.

Withholding tax is deducted from the gross dividend at the time of distribution. The applicable withholding tax rate and the annual tax return filing threshold are set by legislation and may change periodically; the current rates and thresholds should be taken as the basis.

It is the use of undisclosed information that could affect a stock to obtain an unfair gain, and it is subject to severe criminal sanctions.

Speculation means taking risk and acting on market expectations (legal); manipulation means misleading the market through false news, artificial volume or price movements (a crime).

It is the risk of prices fluctuating sharply upward or downward over a wide range within a short period.

It is the risk that the desired quantity of stock cannot be converted into cash immediately at a reasonable price, or that no buyer/seller can be found.

If a company is delisted, its shares can no longer be traded on the exchange; in the event of bankruptcy, any amount remaining after creditors according to the order of liquidation is distributed to shareholders.

It is the transaction whereby an investor transfers stocks held at brokerage firm A to their own account at brokerage firm B.

It is carried out through a transfer instruction given to the brokerage firm where the shares are held and matching in the MKK system.

It is a data feed license that allows you to see the pending buy and sell levels of traded stocks and their quantities in real time.

It is a report showing which brokerage firms bought or sold how much of the relevant stock during the day or over a specific date range.

It is an analysis that examines at which brokerage firms or custodians (MKK) shares are concentrated and their institutional/individual distribution.

In the opening session, orders are first collected, and then the collected orders are matched using the single price method to form the opening price. The current times of the session phases are announced by Borsa Istanbul.

In the closing session, orders are collected within a certain margin, the closing price is determined using the single price method, and in the final phase trades can be executed only at the closing price. Current times are announced by Borsa Istanbul.

The Equity Market is a spot market (physical shares are purchased); VİOP (Borsa Istanbul Derivatives Market) is a market where leveraged derivative contracts on the future price of a stock at a later date are traded.

Because there are few shares available in the market, the stock may become shallower and show sharp price movements.

It is the bulk sale, under special terms, of a large quantity of shares representing a certain percentage of a company's capital, without affecting the secondary market price.

In order: margin trading ban, gross settlement, order package measures (online order ban, market order restriction) and application of the single price trading method.

When company assets are merged or separated, new company shares are allocated or converted according to the investors' shareholding ratios.

They are regional indices that measure the performance of companies whose headquarters or main production facilities are located in a particular city (e.g. BIST Istanbul, BIST Izmir).

A solo balance sheet covers only the parent company's financials; a consolidated balance sheet shows the combined financials of the parent company together with its subsidiaries and affiliates.

By revaluing non-monetary assets according to current inflation, it ensures that companies' equity and profitability reflect their real position.

It is the official institution that compensates investors' cash and securities assets, within the limits set out in the legislation, in the event that investment firms go bankrupt or their financial structure deteriorates.

It is to act not with borrowed short-term money or money you may urgently need, but with a long-term strategy that suits your risk tolerance, is diversified into a basket (portfolio) and is based on company analysis.